financial accounting - 2403 Words

21. Generally accepted accounting principles c. derive their credibility and authority from general recognition and acceptance by the accounting profession. 22. A soundly developed conceptual framework of concepts and objectives should d. all of these. 23. Which of the following (a-c) are not true concerning a conceptual framework in account-ing? c. It should be based on fundamental truths that are derived from the laws of nature. S24. Which of the following is not a benefit associated with the FASB Conceptual Framework Project? d. Business entities will need far less assistance from accountants because the financial reporting process will be quite easy to apply. 25. In the conceptual framework for financial†¦show more content†¦all of these. 47. In classifying the elements of financial statements, the primary distinction between revenues and gains is c. the nature of the activities that gave rise to the transactions involved. 48. A decrease in net assets arising from peripheral or incidental transactions is called a(n) c. loss. 49. One of the elements of financial statements is comprehensive income. As described in Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 6, Elements of Financial Statements, comprehensive income is equal to d. none of these. 50. Which of the following elements of financial statements is not a component of compre-hensive income? b. Distributions to owners P51. Which of the following is false with regard to the element comprehensive income? d. It excludes prior period adjustments (transactions that relate to previous periods, such as corrections of errors). S52. According to the FASB conceptual framework, earnings b. exclude certain gains and losses that are included in comprehensive income. S53. According to the FASB Conceptual Framework, the elementsï‚ ¾assets, liabilities, and equityï‚ ¾describe amounts of resources and claims to resources at/during a a. Yes No S54. Which of the following basic accounting assumptions is threatened by the existence of severe inflation in the economy? a. Monetary unit assumption. S55. During the lifetime of an entity accountantsShow MoreRelatedFinancial Accounting And Managerial Accounting1613 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Both financial accounting and managerial accounting provide important information about the business process. On the one hand, financial accounting provides only financial information to its internal users and external users. On the other hand, managerial accounting basically communicates about financial and non-financial information with internal users such as managers, employees and owners of the company. In other words, managerial accounting provides information to managers who directRead MoreThe Financial Accounting Standards Board1346 Words   |  6 PagesEarnings per share is introduced by the Financial Accounting Standards Board as the functionality used to calculate an institutions’ earnings for the year-end financial statements. The institutions can be made of up a simple or complex capital structure. It must be calc ulated on a constant basis in order for reports to remain consistent. FASB provides a formula of â€Å"dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period† (FASBRead MoreAccounting Analysis On Financial Accounting1185 Words   |  5 PagesAccounting has many branches that it can be divided into. It can be divided into several areas of activities. Accountings main branches are financial accounting, Management accounting, Cost accounting, Auditing, Tax accounting, Accounting systems, Fiduciary accounting and Forensic accounting. Financial accounting: This branch of accounting measure’s and records the transactions of a business. Financial accounting focuses on the preparation of the five basic financial statements namely statementsRead MoreFinancial and Managerial Accounting628 Words   |  3 PagesBoth financial and managerial accounting analyze economic data, however the major differences between the two strands include; user groups, information type, regulatory control and reporting frequency (Atrill and McLaney, 2012) User Groups: Financial accounting mostly provides information for external stakeholders such as shareholders, lending institutions, prospective investors and creditors, whereas managerial accounting mostly make available information for internal users such as managers andRead MoreFinancial Accounting Standards903 Words   |  4 PagesFASB IFRS Financial Accounting Standards The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has been around since 1973 and their organization’s duty and task is to set and provide effective and reliable financial accounting standards in the United States. The Financial Accounting Standards Board is also a private sector and is a not for profit organization, also recognized as U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and The American InstituteRead MoreFinancial Accounting1203 Words   |  5 PagesBUSINESS AND LAW ACFI2002 – FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING SEMESTER 2, 2012 ASSIGNMENT 01 Student Name: Tran Thi Ngoc Hanh Student Number: C3173300 Part I: Accounting Standard AASB138 Intangible Assets provides guidelines for accounting treatment of research and development costs for financial reporting purposes. Answer the following questions based on AASB138 and ‘Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements’. (85 marks) Part I: Accounting Standard AASB138 Intangible AssetsRead MoreFinancial Accounting1609 Words   |  7 PagesFinancial Accounting Assignment 2 1 of 25 The credit term 2/10 n/30 means: that after 10 days 2% interest is charged. that there is a 10% discount if payment is received within 30 days. that there is a 2% discount if payment is received within 10 days. there is a 10% discount if paid immediately and 2% if paid within 30 days. 2 of 25 Family Food Stores purchased canned goods at an invoice price of $3,000 and terms of 2/10, n/30. Half of the goods had been mislabeled and were returned immediatelyRead MoreFinancial Accounting1510 Words   |  7 PagesUNIVERSITY Jennifer Lapus MODULE 2/ Case Assignment 2 ACC201 Financial Accounting/Case 2 29 August 2012 Case Assignment: There are three main parts to this case that requires you to prepare and submit a three to five page paper. Please make sure this paper is well organized and covers all of the items below. Part I.      * Why is revenue recognition a significant issue? How do we determine when revenues are recorded for accounting purposes? * Explain the difference between a product andRead MoreFinancial Accounting8263 Words   |  34 Pagesï » ¿1.  Accounting is an information and measurement system that:   A.  Identifies business activities. B.  Records business activities. C.  Communicates business activities. D.  Helps people make better decisions. E.  All of these.    2.  Technology   A.  Has replaced accounting. B.  Has not changed the work that accountants do. C.  Has closely linked accounting with consulting, planning, and other financial services. D.  In accounting has replaced the need for decision makers. E.  In accounting is onlyRead MoreInternational Accounting Standards Board And Financial Accounting1307 Words   |  6 PagesIt all began on October 2002 where the International Accounting Standards Board and Financial Accounting Board signed a memorandum of understanding that has come to be known as the â€Å"Norwalk Agreement†. Here the two boards met and decided to make their standards fully compatible and put it into practice and once they conquer their goal, they have to make sure it is maintained. But before I divulge into details regarding the future and presently achieved goals of the convergence, I would like to throw

Apple Inc Free Essays

Apple was founded by Steve Job and Steve Wozniak on April 1, 1976. Since this company launched to the market, it had been the leader of the world of technology for almost two decades. It not only was the pioneer of the desktop computer but also has a large successful number of products introduced over the years. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple Inc or any similar topic only for you Order Now By 1990, Apple had 1 billion in cash and more than $5.5 billion in sales and the ROE was 32% by that time it was considered as a year profitable. However, this situation was not permanent Apple suffered the decay due to the technological market was extremely fast changing as it was moving through the people ‘lives. Additional, there were other factors that affect Apple such as competition in the market, products available that can substitute Apple’s products and the price. Therefore, the question is how Apple should do or what strategies should apply Apple forward 1992. Five force Porte’s Analysis Potential competitor: By 1991 the income of hardware was $50 billion in the market and $30 billion for software and about 100 million for installing. The topmost 17 of computing’s industry that located in the market have increased their market share by installed united from 39% in 1981 to 61% in 1991. Of these 17 companies, the most relevant that could compete with Apple was IBM, NEC, Compac and Olivtti. Additionally, the companies that prevalent in the production of the microprocessor (brain center of the computer) was Intel and Microsoft. With these two companies (Intel and Microsoft) worked together to seize the market share almost 90% assuming $40 billion in software was installed in the Intel and Microsoft, then only $4.5 billion to $5 billion on Apple which means only covered 10% of the market share. New Entrants: For the personal computer industry, it could classify in components such as memory storage, microprocessor, operation system, platform, application software and distribution for each one had a different level of barriers of entry. For example, Microsoft and Intel which produce microprocessor and operation system. This kind of products was required high specialization and a high cost of investment, therefore, it had higher barriers of entry. However, for the platforms, application software and distribution have low barriers of entry it was due to these products was easy to imitate and it required lower investment to produce it. Bargaining power of buyer: it could categorize into three sectors: the first one was business/government which is the large one. This sector could produce 60% of the units and 70% of the total income. The second was individual/home market produce 31% of units and 23% of income the last one and also the small sector one it was educational that only could generate 9% of units and 7% of income. With this information we can assume that the large business, government, and school, the could buy computers in a huge volume as a result, they were strong enough to dictate term and bargain on price, quality, and service. However, personal computer was more sensitive to the price because they were more likely to notice a price rise and switch to another product. Bargaining power of supplier: the components for manufacturing personal computer was the microprocessor, motherboard, memory storage, and peripherals such as monitor, keyboard or mouse, along with bundled software. The memory storage and peripheral were components that was extremely regularized and very accessible from any supplier which mean it would be easy to switch from one supplier to another. Consequently, the supplier of those similar components had lower force in the PC industry. However, Microsoft and Intel which produce microprocessor and operation system, these components embraced important power in the market especially for the personal computer makers that they wanted to trade their computer as a package which means include preinstalled software. Moreover, Apple worked exclusively with Motorola. Motorola was the only supplier to Apple. Therefore, it was not only would not be easy to change the supplier but also was sensitive price. How to cite Apple Inc, Papers Apple Inc Free Essays Features of Apple Industry:2 Evaluation of Steve Jobs as a strategic leader4 Strategic Innovation5 Recommendation7 Conclusion8 Reflection of our group work9 References12 Introduction As the first of the World’s Most Innovative Companies (Business week, 2010) and the 17th of the Best Global Brands (Interbrand, 2010), Apple has succeeded in strategic leadership and innovation, which has drawn attention from the world recently. This essay focuses on some key issues of Apple’s innovation. It begins with analyzing the key features of Apple Inc by Porter’s five forces and Kay’s distinctive capabilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple Inc or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then, the evaluations of the CEO Steve Jobs as the strategic leader and explanations of Apple’s strategic innovation are involved. The final section is our recommendations to Apple. Features of Apple Industry: In the stage of analyzing the key features of Apple industry, the first method is the Porter’s five forces model. It divides into five parts, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and competitive rivalry within an industry (Assen, Berg and Pietersma,2009). Firstly, for Apple, there are some new entrants have disruptive power. For example, some online services which are similar to iTunes. However, there are numbers of high requirement for new entrants to get in the market, for instance, time and cost of entry. In the part of substitutes, nowadays, large amount of substitutes have good performance, they cost lower, are easy to switch, but only few of them have same quality as Apple’s products in the same price. In terms of bargaining power of buyers, it is an influential trouble for Apple. Although Apple has vast and loyal customers, every buyer and retailer all want better stuff in lower price. Moreover, they may reduce spending on Apple’s products if their economy downturn. Furthermore, Apple can ignore bargaining power of its professional suppliers, such as Inter, and strategic alliance, like Microsoft. The last part is the existing rivalry; Apple has a lot of powerful competitors, for example, HP and Lenovo. They pressure into Apple in every technological area and attract buyers by different products. Nevertheless, to be the most innovation company of the world, Apple industry is competitive all the time. Another method used in analysing key features of Apple industry is Kay’s distinctive capabilities. This model consists of Architecture, Reputation and Innovation. Architecture: in the internal part between firm and employees, Apple industry has owns special corporate culture and a spiritual leadership. Apple corporate culture is featured in intense works and being pursuit of perfect works under a casual atmosphere and with sharing spirit. For a spiritual leadership, Steve Jobs’ role in Apple is motivating employees to bring employees’ creative talent into full play and not involving in the employees’ work. In the external part and net works of architecture, Apple only choose strong suppliers having professional advantages to cooperate, such as Intel, it always cooperate other firms with its own purpose. For instance, the apple chose the Google to take advantage of its maps and video features for phone. Reputation: Apple has a great reputation that is built up on the basis of the quality signals and consumers’ own experiences. Apple pays attention to quality of products. Apple keeps a trial and error on every product to prevent any quality problems from happening in future. Moreover, Apple’s production is always based on consumers’ experience. For example, Apple offers a free trial for consumers to feel their products. Innovation: Apple is famous for its innovation that can be demonstrated by technological innovation, product innovation and management innovation. Technological innovation means a perfect integration between hardware and software and Apple also keep updating them. Referring to product innovation, from first imac to recent-product i phone, Apple products, combining different functions, all go through the innovation. Speaking of management innovation, after Steve job’s employment, Apple’s management style is successfully transformed from relaxed style to controlled one. Evaluation of Steve Jobs as a strategic leader Steve Jobs is known to be eccentric when it comes to strategy and business because he strives to become a market leader by dominating the competitors in customer loyalty, distribution and coverage, perceived value, price, profit and promotional spending. This is evident when we compare Apple and Microsoft because when Microsoft shows profit by sheer quantity, Apple competes strongly with the quality of its products and services. As an innovative leader, Steve Jobs is legendary which is reflected on his company motto â€Å"Think different! † Rethinking, reinventing and revitalizing are the three main ways of doing business according to Steve Jobs. Simplicity and innovation in terms of the product range gave Steve Jobs the edge over other competitors. A well-known example for this is the annual launch of new and updated versions of the iPod with a simple change in colour, form-factor and memory capacity. His risk-taking approach to business is believed to be unique making him an epitome of courage. His idea of self-belief and a vision enabled him to lead a great career life. He believes in investing in new innovative products and services that are built on existing technologies to create a â€Å"customer and market-based business†. His ability to get over failures and try again makes him a suitable comparison with Thomas Edison who had his share of failures along with mighty successes. Apple is a multi-billion company and yet they have just fewer than 30 different products. This is because of Steve Jobs’ immense drive for focus on a specific and well-identified section of the consumer electronics market. This shows the stringent and perseverant character of Steve Jobs as he would have told â€Å"No† to many potential ideas related both to the products and in recruitment. When Steve Jobs was fired from Apple in 1985 and came back in 1996, he implemented what we now believe as a CEO-centric model of strategic leadership that involves not just generation of ideas but also to hold the rudder of a massive ship that is Apple. Hence Steve Jobs will always be remembered as one of the most visionary, creative and high-impact leaders of his generation or any generation. Strategic Innovation Apple has successfully engaged in strategic innovation and has awarded the most innovative firm for triple years continuously. At the same time, it is the top one most admired firm in American (McGregor, 2008). Due to apple’s history, it belongs to established company. Therefore, overcoming the inertia of success and making a change is a big challenge. Combing Palmer and Kaplan’s theory of seven dimensions of strategic innovation with apple’s experience, this paper analyzes strategic innovation in Apple. In terms of Markides (1998), strategic innovation is basic principles build up new business modules and creates new markets and increase benefits for both company and consumer. In other words, strategic innovation refers to company needs to market positioning and was good at founding vacant space in market and filled up. Palmer and Kaplan’s theory of seven dimensions of strategic innovation are explained as follow: A Managed Innovation Process -Assembling conventional and unconventional ways to business strategy (Palmer, D. and Kaplan, S. , 2007). It is said that apple’s products develop in simultaneous stages and Apple always sticks with a proprietary ecosystem. Though it has some drawbacks, the benefits outweigh drawbacks. Core Technologies and Competencies- Main skills (ibid). Due to the face that Apple is high-tech Company, it requires consecutive high technologies innovation. Apple was dedicated to study innovative industrial design; such as apple has the world’s most advanced operating system and intuitive UI and so on. Industry Foresight –Forecasting the complex forces driving change (ibid. Steve Jobs quoted the words from Wayne Gretzky-â€Å"I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it has been† (Jobs, 2008, cited in Yates, 2010). And he said they always tried to do that at Apple since the very beginning. Strategic Alignment – Establishing Support (ibid). In Apple, when it comes to a strong strategic vision for the business, the powerful leader is capable to align the people in the organization with the direction inherent in this vision. Therefore, the enthusiastic internal support could be achieved. Consumer/Customer Insight – Deep perceiving of target (ibid). On one hand, Apple possesses wide audience ranging from amateurs to professionals. On the other hand, Apple satisfies customers’ requirements. All products are characterized by human interface design and ease of use, combing aesthetics and simplicity, showing a perfect balance of form and function. Organizational Readiness – The ability to implement strategy (ibid. ) The board of directors had been re-structured since Jobs took over in 1997. Apple gets an excellent leadership and team spirit. At the same time, Apple masters core technologies and competencies. Sufficient preparation leads to success. Disciplined Implementation –Putting the strategy into effect (ibid. ) Apple’s process of implementation follows the module: culture- product-user-brand. All the products that meet user’s needs abide by their culture, which causes consumer loyalty; they get good reputation, therefore, the brand is established. Certainly, effective marketing strategy is an essential part of successful implementation. Recommendation Based on analysis above, here follows some recommendations to Apple. Maintain design spirit. As most customers are attracted by peculiar aesthetic design of products, Apple should continue paying attention to it. Keep innovation. Innovation is the soul of Apple Inc, Keeping innovation will bring Apple a bright future. Improve product compatibility. Improving compatibility is able to increase the opportunities of choosing Apple products. At the same time, the product market share will be improved. Search for the promising leader and create positive crises. It is essential to find another brilliant leader after Jobs. Apple should keep unsatisfied with current success and pursue change. Find hi-tech partners. Consumer electronics and entertainment industry are high competitive industries which update technology frequently. Thus, finding partner is crucial for an enterprise in the industry, especially, a hi-tech partner. Conclusion According to studied about Apple, it can be reached that there is an excellent management team in Apple Inc. , especially the CEO Steve Jobs, a strategic, spiritual leader with strong personality. In terms of strategy of the corporation, it is sticking to core competencies and innovation strategy, making the perfect products to consumer. With reference to organization, Apple is a mix-mechanic and organic style. Staffs in Apple are always with passion and love their own company as well. Performance of Apple in the consumer electronic and entrainment market which is a hyper competition market with technology updating speedily is excellent. There are a large number of loyal customers, great strategies, beautiful products and influential leadership which are all produced by Apple, an innovation corporation. Reflection of our group work Our group work focuses on a topic- Strategic Leadership and Innovation at Apple Inc. y Apple case studies, several key questions are asked to answer, including the key features of Apple industry, the evaluations of the CEO Steve Jobs as the strategic leader, explanations of Apple’s strategic innovation and our recommendations to Apple. Our group activities was proceed according to a routine of making assignment for each people; then searching for materials individually; next, sharin g ideas and of discussing issues together. In the following part, we will introduce a procedure of our group activity in detail. The object of our first group meeting was getting main idea to carry out our project after we read the apple case material. In this meeting, our group discussed and got general ideas and several key words from this case: what is management and innovation in Apple. But it didn’t work very well due to insufficient preparation. Therefore, when we made a second meeting, we changed our idea to go on our tasks according to orders of questions. Each two members of our group took responsible for one question, and a member took charge of introduction, recommendation and conclusion. In this time, everyone got a clear task. In the following group meeting, we discussed what we found from collected materials and gave advices of every question and pick the best ones to the questions. Everyone is asked to complete their own speeches of their own presentation. If we had problems of our project in the period of not being together, we still kept in touch online. In the last two group meeting, we all gave a brief presentation of our own part to group members and made them understand every piece of our works, and we all achieved agreement to our project without any doubt. One of team member combined all pieces of Power Point into the whole and decorated it. We all prepared for the presentation and kept practice with a time controlling together. For a group work, we evaluate that it is fairly good with advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, we learned a lot from this group work. Firstly, we learned how to analyzer a case with models. Furthermore, we also learned that by a combination of case studies and models, it strengthens the knowledge we learned in the class. Secondly, this activity also improved our skills of doing presentation and reports. We got a clear understanding of requirements of good presentation and reports. Last but not least, our team members shared ideas and made up for each others’ disadvantages. From this experience we got the team work spirit and learn how to corporate with others, how to solve the conflicts. On the other hand, some problems existed in the period of meeting. Frankly speaking, some meetings are ineffective, because we didn’t prepared well what supposed to do about case studies. Moreover, on the account of some member’s absence and lack of team spirit, the progress of our group work was affected. Here are some suggestions to the future team work we learn from our experience: firstly, a clear schedule should be made in the beginning as a guide of future works. Secondly, team members need to improve group awareness and join in a group activity positively. Everyone of a group should review handouts or materials in advance of one’s own responsibility of a group. Lastly, the efficiency is critical to group work. References Assen. M. V. , Berg. G. V. D. , Pietersma. P. (2009) Key Management Models, Prentice Hall Best Global Brands, Retrieved Nov 4th, 2010, form http://www. interbrand. om/en/best-global-brands/Best-Global-Brands-2010. aspx Brian. C. Steve Jobs Killer Instintcts. Retrieved Oct 27th, 2010, form http://www. forbes. com/2009/04/06/apple-microsoft-advertising-technology-enterprise-tech-apple. html Harvard Business review blog, Retrieved Oct 27th , 2010, from http://blogs. hbr. org/taylor/2009/06/decoding_steve_jobs_trust_the. html Markides. C. (1998). Strategic Innovation in Established Companies, Sloan Management Review, pp31-42. McGregor. J. (2008). The world’s most innovative companies. Business week, April 17. Retrieved Oct 27th, 2010, from http://www. usinessweek. com/magazine/content/08_17/b4081061866744. htm Palmer, D. and Kaplan, S. (2007). A Framework for Strategic Innovation, Innovation Point LLC, PP. 1-24. Practice of leadership website, Retrieved Oct 28th, 2010, from http://www. thepracticeofleadership. net/2008/03/30/steve-jobs-and-his-leadership/ Roberts, J (2004). The Modern Firm, Oxford University Press. Saswati. 2010. The seven dimensions of strategic innovation. Retrieved Oct, 26th, 2010, form http://www. improvementandinnovation. com/features/articles/seven-dimensions-strategic-innovation? age=1 Strategy leader blog, Retrieved Oct 26th, 2010, from http://strategyleader. blogspot. com/2010/01/steve-jobs-risktaking-innovative. html The 25 Most Innovation Companies 2010. Retrieved Nov. 1st, 2010, form http://images. businessweek. com/ss/10/04/0415_most_innovative_companies/26. htm , Yates, V. |(2010). Steve Jobs. Retrieved Oct 26th, 2010, from http://www. leadevalues. com/Content/detail. asp? ContentDetailID=1369 1000 ventures website, Retrieved Oct 27th, 2010, from http://www. 1000ventures. com/business_guide/market_leader. html How to cite Apple Inc, Papers

Progress of Apple Company Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Progress of Apple Company. Answer: Introduction The report discusses the progress of Apple Company and focus has been paid over the launch of the iPhone 8 which investigated the features of the phone and the consequences of it are simultaneously described. The report describes the purpose and the strategy of the launch of iPhone 8 followed by the target market and before it, the segmentation and selection of market have been done. The target market of iPhone 8 is the business people, adults, child, teenagers and colleges. Thereafter the unmet needs are illustrated which was derived either from the competitors or the expectations of the customers are not met to the required extent. At the end, the marketing mix of the iPhone is investigated in which the 4Ps i.e. product, price, place, and promotion are examined in detail to understand the Company and its product strategy in a better way. Description of the strategy of launch Apple was founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak on April 1, 1976; they started with the launch of the Apple Computers. Their idea was to create the computer which is handy and people can use them conveniently at their homes and offices. They started their business from the small garage and took it to the heights. The vision behind the creation of Apple is to push the level of creativity and come up with the new set of ideas which prove to be effective and meaningful for the society. It focuses on the social obligation as well (Richardson, 2008). Apple is known to be the trendsetter and every now and then the new feature is introduced which results in the launch of a new model of Apple iPhone. In the prevailing trend, iPhone 8 has been launched. The feature that iPhone8 consists is adjustable screen and all glass exterior followed by the wireless charging. The wireless charging is the major change that twists and turns the technological era (Apple, 2017). The purpose of launching iP hone 8 is to bring the revolution in the technological field and become the game-changer in the mobile industry. Steve Jobs launching strategies are counted in the premium strategies to ensure the success of organization (Rosoff, 2016). The strategy that Jobs depict in every launch has been implemented at the time of iPhone 8 launch as well, the idea to arise craze and rising the customers desire was to focus on their very needs and making attempt to fulfill the same even adding on something more to it. The more attention should be paid to customers and not on the product as they are the one giving the market. Along with the customer focus the revolutionary approach needs to be adopted by the company, pre-booking technique has been launch which drives the competition among the customers and not among the companies (Sarigumba, 2017). Another eye-catching launch strategy was to add the pinch of suspense to the product so that the launch gets awaited by people and they eagerly wait for the product to get launch and suspense to be revealed. Lastly, the most important thing about the launch is to plan the launch in a successful manner and bottom line must be involved as they better know the desires of the customer. Strategy for the launch The Apple adopts the unique strategy to launch its new product which is iPhone 8. There are specific 7 strategies that Apple uses which are quoted as under: Ignore your critics: Steve Jobs was carrying the approach which states that critics are meant to speak up and stand at the opposition only. From the first invention till date and may be further whenever iPhone was launching the new product critic opposed and laugh at it but Apple proves to the king and always crashed the market with its product (Bergen, 2014). Turning ordinary into extraordinary: Along with the new features and elements in the iPhone, there is a need to focus on the external portions as well. The body and design of the iPhone are always unique which turn it out differently from other products in the market (McCormack, 2013). Price justification: The pricing strategies adopted by Apple are something different. It charges higher than their competitors do. The quality, model, features and functions fairly pair with the pricing of the products (Tillier, 2017). It is the strategy of Apple that more the price better will be the services provided and at the time of launch the justification of price is proved. They adopt the language of the audience: The strategy of Apple is such that it does not use the technical terms that confuse the customer rather they explain it in a classical manner to make the consumer understand the technology before making purchases (Bajarin, 2017). Extending the purchasing experience: Apple not only focuses on the product and services but also on the post purchases. The packaging done by Apple is extraordinary and it continues to be the journey of luxury. From the initial point, it depicts that quality material is been provided within the packaged box (Hangen, 2017). The retail experience store further enhances the experience where customers not only can try out the products but also see how the products are been used by the employees (Jones et al., 2010). Build a positive image: Though Apple has many competitors it is ahead of all these. It always brings up something new to the market and builds up its own way towards development. It is The name: iPhone is not only the product or a mobile phone used for, its the brand name. The Apple iPhone itself has its name and is not calculated under the gadgets. It holds the unique place in the cell phone market and reflects the distinct position among all (Mickalowski et al., no.date). It is brand as a lifestyle product (Chanaron and J.J, 2013). Analysis and recommendation of launch As discussed Apple is a reputed company and it always plays a unique game in the market to attract people and raise the urge to make purchases. According to the quality and royalty of the product launch strategies are also different. Steve Jobs strategies gain the fame and adopting these strategies for the launch results in better promotion and thereby increased sales and profit maximisation which at last drives the customer satisfaction which is the motive of Apple (Schuh et al., 2017). On analyzing these strategies following outcome could be noted: Customers are King: The strategy of Steve Jobs is to focus on the target market and not on the product. The features and other relevant information are made available on the official site of Apple. Jobs never praised the product but always concentrated over the need of the customer and how their problems could be simplified and resolved. According to him if the customer is happy and satisfied with the product then he might come back along with certain recommendations thereby performing the word of mouth promotional activity (Thorbjornsen, 2017). Convincing the media and opinion leaders: Another strategy that is been noted is that even before the launch date the discussion about the new product gets started. People are not crazy for the features but they seem keen to note that what strategy and in which manner the launch will be made. What all will be new and what uniqueness will the product carry this time. Such curiosity results in pre-booking of the products. Revolutionary: Apple always comes up with something unique. People literally wait that what is coming up next. This is the revolutionary strategy that Jobs has opted for. It carries the idea to change the vision of people out there and increase the level of suspense and pay them the value for which customers have waited for long. It always adds out of the box features to stay ahead of the competitors and grab the market at once (Sepahi, Mesri Rahmani, 2017). From the above analysis it could be recommended that in order to be successful only hard work is not sufficient enough there is a need to perform smart work. The launch should be designed in such a manner that it turns into the grand event. The connection with the media must be strong enough so that the excitement level could be increased and suspense could be drawn out. Thereafter the provision of pre-booking could be made which is another measure to develop the desire of customers. Along with the suspense Apple has its own manner to present the things and make it feel luxury so that people could even flaunt with the product and it depicts their status of living and standards (Henry Henry, 2017). Target market Every company target a particular market(s) and try to establish its name there. Market segmentation comes into play where the targeted market(s) undergoing the deep study of the culture, trend, and taste of the consumer (Satyavathy, Priya Chanthini, 2017) to determine the suitability of the products and services that the company offer. Focusing on the Apple iPhone 8, which is the latest launch. Apple Company has come up with the new features of the protective glass layer, wireless charging and improved picture quality (Apple in the case study, 2017). For this, the market was targeted by the company which could make the product even more successful and expansion can be enjoyed. Therefore the target market of iPhone 8 is: Media House: When the launch is concerned in the context of iPhone the first group that needs to be targeted during the launch is the media house. Media is the most powerful house that could lead the company to attain heights and even it could contribute in fall of the company. One positive glimpse and success creation might help Apple to reach new avenues and set another big target. The media assists the consumer in answering the questions of what the product actually holds. Is it worth the suspense? The pricing strategies are worthwhile? Who are all present at the time of launch? What duration did launch-capture? The preparations and grand event brief are given along with the excitement that customer carries are the basic strategy adopted by the company for the launch (Martin, 2014). Critics: Critics are another crucial element that is been focussed. They are the one that studies about the marketing strategies of the product along with analyzing the actual value that is been charged and is the expense incurred and show off made is productive. They are the must-have in the launch of the product. The critic helps in giving the ratings and they bluntly comment on both the positive and negative aspect of product. They post the articles and give newsfeed to spread the awareness and rendering knowledge to the customers. At times critics help in adding up the features and imparting valuable advices that attaches a sense of trust and commitment with the product, thus it is the essential element to be targeted while launching (The Australian, 2017). Colleges and universities: At colleges and universities, these products of Apple are very useful. iPhone 8 assists the college professors to prepare the slides and mark the notes for their students. Simultaneously it is equally important for the students as well. It helps in quickly recording the lecture session and highlights the notes for further references. It makes the carriage of these notes easy; the student need not have to carry heavy bags. Only one device does it all, entire aspect gets covered within it (Sigal, 2010). Social media: The most emerging area that should be focussed while constructing the launch strategies is social media. Popularity gained through the social media is unbeatable and it helps in spreading the fame faster than anything else. Thus, a glimpse of launch program must be posted on the social media on the immediate notice in an attractive manner giving the personal touch to the event and building up the positioning by commercializing the product over the social media (Schneider, 2015). Star performer: At times it is a good technique that Apple adopts is linking the product with the celebrity for depicting the quality of the product. Denoting eth product with the characteristics of celebrities is the good trick to launch the product. Also the publicity option is also selected by symbolizing the phone in the hand of celebrity in any other random advertisement thereby signifying the luxury that the person carries and people start to connect themselves with their favorite star and rush to purchase the product (). Business people: iPhone represent class and iPhone 8 has maintained the class level and luxury. iPhone 8 could efficiently be used for the business purpose. Minutes could be constructed and fast mailing takes place. The documents could be easily transferred and data and be conveniently saved on the cloud which could be accessed from anywhere in the world. This has made working quick and smart. The authentication process had been enhanced and make more convenient to the authentic user has increased the usability of the iphone8 as a business phone (Brandon, 2015). Adult: iPhone 8 is a one in all devices; it could be said as the supermarket or the hypermarket carrying various functions in the single device. The primary attribute of the cell phone is to communicate with the people. It gives access to internet connections which helps in solving many realistic problems on the single touch. The camera assists in capturing the images in different versions and styles. After all the documentation becomes easier. All the necessary paper works and other essential documents become handy and could be easily accessed (Armstrong et al., 2015). The iPhone is seen as a luxury lifestyle product (Okonkwo and Uche, 2016) where it is integrated into the adult daily life. Unmet needs The human is having the unsatisfactory nature, their needs never get fulfilled. On the completion of one need the other need is aroused as the new desire and accordingly, the tension gets created and the person craves for fulfilling the particular need. On accomplishment, the satisfaction is gained and along with the satisfaction another desire pops up and the process continues. Similar is the case with products and services, even after getting a lot more features still there remains certain portions and needs that are unmet (Patel, 2017). Lack of the feature of product: The primary unmet need is that some of the features are provided by the competitors like Samsung. Though iPhone always holds the unique points yet Samsung is the competitor and many times the competitor analyze the needs of customers first and launch the functions and features before iPhone could adopt it. This might result in less popularity and crash the market of iPhone8 (Miller, 2017). The launch of two products at a similar time: The fame of iPhone X is on such a hike that craze of iPhone 8 is not up to the extent that is expected. The features of iPhone X are so exciting that people are focusing on that particular product and saving the fund to procure iPhone X. The simultaneous launch will affect the sales of the former product as the features are lacking and the latter is coming up with much better qualities and uniqueness (Bashi, 2017). Inappropriate analysis and evaluation of customer need: The customer's problem need to be analyzed, any of the section or sample size if ignored could lead to dissatisfaction among the customers (Singh, Sao, Nagare Dharamarajan, 2017). The recommendations of customers should not be ignored either because they are the one that suggests the new feature to get added or ignoring that section may result in dissatisfaction among the customers and failure of the launch (Henry, 2017). Not seeking the experts advice: In order to have the successful launch of the product there is a need to seek experts advice so that uncovered points could be analysed and in case if such advice is not entertained there are chances that something might lack at the time of launch which is likely to affect the reputation and thereby sale of the particular product (Ranjan, 2017). The gold color of iPhone 8 was not appropriate and the back of the phone turns out to be old creamiest color instead of gold (Brownlee Swan, 2017). Issues with decision making and problem-solving: Another unmet need that occurs is the problem solving and making of the prompt decision. At times there occurs the uncertain situations that need to be dealt immediately and the backup plan should be promptly constructed, this shows the management skills and decision-making strength of the company and the image of company is directly connected with branding of eth product thus in case lack of management is depicted it might adversely affect the image of product thus failure of launch could be seen (Soffar, 2017). The 4Ps of marketing mix The marketing mix is the strategy that plans the progression of the product. It helps in promoting the product and services in a different manner using distinct techniques and strategies. The 4 Ps of the marketing mix are a product, price, place, and promotion. Later on, the 3 Ps were also added in order to expand the area of promotional activities. These 3Ps were people, process, and physical evidence. In the context of iPhone 8, the marketing mix analysis should be made to know the appropriate launch strategy and what measures could be taken to make the launch more successful. It helps in analyzing the launching strategies and figuring out the various alternatives and selecting the one best strategy that is suitable in all aspect (Pratap, 2017). Product There is a wide range of products under Apple. It started from the computers and moved forward successfully in the cell phone and other electronics as well. Apple watches were introducing along with the Apple TV. With the introduction of new ranges of iPhone, several apps were also invented which were definite to the iPhone users only. It develops its own software and iTunes. The product line of Apple is iPhone, iPod, iPad, MacBook series, MacOS, and others. Apple is the fastest growing company with lot more products and a new version of services and apps (Cleverism, 2014). Apple controls its own eco-system as the firmware; software and hardware of its products are all designed in-house and are all exclusive to Apple. Thus it is able to give better performance as compare to others. iPhone 8 there are has several new feature, the glass in the front and back of the phone, wireless charging and advanced camera. The I Cloud assists in setting up the free cloud services and rendering it t o the customers for fast access to the information at any corner of the world. It helps in reducing paperwork and supports the de-mating of documents (Greenspan, 2017). Along with the ease, it also comprises of social obligation by saving the paper and supporting the go green tag in favor of the environment thereby appreciating the environment protection. Apple is seen to be environmental friendly, using solar power, wind as hydropower to power 96% of their worldwide facilities, the packaging that they use are also recycled, coupled with recycling of old Apple products (Apple_Environmental_Responsibility_Report_2017.). This further enhances the consumer wanting to be associated with Apple. The product mix of Apple and its iPhone range are enormous; the product line is increasing with the increasing technologies and thereby Apple is continually setting the standard (Luiz, 2007). Price Apple is brand as a luxury premium brand. It is position as a lifestyle product. It defines the class and standard of living of the person. iPhone does not lower its price when it faces competition. The branding is so strong that it gains the attention of consumer before the news of new launch is release. The high cost depicts the preciousness of the product and leaves behind the impression of luxury and class being followed in the technology it has opted for (Steenkamp, 2017). The range of iPhones is popularised for the innovative technologies that the company uses all-time new features that it added to every product they launch. The pricing of launch should also be considered as to what amount has been spent on the launch event and what all areas have been covered under the launch processing. Due to its high price, Apple provides it unique exclusive applications that are essential in the daily life for its consumers. These applications can be downloaded from iTunes. The sheer numbe rs of applications in iTunes make it attractive for the users although some of these applications need to be paid for. Apple adopts the unique launch strategy and saves the good amount on promotion as before the launch the entire market expectations get created and high purchases are developed which balances the entire cost of launch at once. The company adopts the smart pricing technique in the context of the launch of the product and flaunting its varied services. The idea of Apple is that on cutting down the cost of its product will directly affect the image of the product. The main pricing is the quality they serve and the logo they pass on to their customers. People like to flaunt the logo and depict the royalty of the product and simultaneously reflecting their own standard and status of life (Bhasin, 2016). The iPhone comes up every time with the new technology, new model, and unique design. It always brings the newness and beat up the market by setting the trend. (Hisrich an d Ramadani, 2017). Distribution Apple sells the iPhone online and onsite at its stores, the alternative retail sites are Amazon, eBay and the similar e-business sites and inline market (Thielin, 2017). The main distribution channels of iPhone are through services providers in various countries. This service provider will normally subsidize the price of the iPhone in order to retain their customer through a 2-year contracts. The demand of the iPhone is so high that reservation had to be made and all major services providers need to carry these iPhone or risk losing their customers. The services providers had outlets all over the countries and these stores are easily accessed by the consumers. The channel of distribution is vast in the case Apple as the product line is also tremendous (Kucuk, 2017). The different outlets of iPhone are located in Singapore, Canada, California, Mexico, India, Kenya and much more. The Apple targets different countries to launch the product in an effective manner. Distinct launch program s take place in major places like UK, US, India, Australia and other similar places. The launch program could be made successful by applying certain theme thereby making the program rather exited enough. Also the place selected for launch is of high importance, it should be the lavish place which depicts the characteristics of product. Furthermore, the place should be in accordance to the status of customers or the target market. It should be located in the centre of the city at posh area where maximum footfall has been recorded on the average day (Patil and Bach, 2017). Promotion The fame and craze of Apple and its iPhone is to such an extent that just the news of its launch of products creates alertness. The best marketing and promotional strategy that is been adopted by the Apple is by word of mouth and this had led to expanding the business and results in the development of the iPhone range (Kalyanam, 2002). IPhone8 came up with the new features and distinct techniques which were awaited for long period of time. The positive word of mouth clarifies half the way of the product and leads it towards the development. It is the most effective tool to increase the sales and profit. Apple has very selective of where every launch takes place (Constantines, 2006). Firstly the Apples own site is used for conducting the promotional activities and the social media is been used to spread the news. At any point, Apple never compromises on the classic and luxurious front. The standardization and status always get reflected through each and every step that is undertaken b y the Apple (Al-haithami, 2017). Apple appointed the brand ambassador that represents the company and its product. Most of the time the launch is inculcated by the celebrities and this attachment leaves the imprint on consumers mind and they related the products quality with that of the celebrity which proves to be the beneficial point for Apple and its launch program. In iPhone 8, the wireless charger was promoting in such a unique manner. It not only conveys the message but it signifies the value and educates the people that it is not like any other product but only the iPhone8 is worth to earn it (Hansson and Mattsson, 2017). The values and ideas of manufacturing the product are connecting with it. The review of the customer adds on the promotion of the iPhone 8 launch program. By analyzing the popularity of the iPhone, the investors also get attracted to gain the profit and secure their monetary term and multiply it in an effective manner (Bary, 2017). Promotion of iPhone8 is al so conducted through the service providers like SingTel, M1 and Star Hub. These service providers promote the iPhones8 intensively offering offers and bundles to retain and attract new customers. The vast amount of service providers that Apple has around the world results in an impactful promotion for iPhone8 (Apple-Find Location, 2017). The biggest issue with the launch of the iPhone8 is the introduction of iPhone X as a limited anniversary model with features that suppress the iPhone8. This had caused the sales of iPhone8 to be not as good as the previous models as many customers decide to wait for the iPhone X launch which is within a few month time (Fortune, 2017). Brand equity The brand equity is created by the consumers and it could not be constructed manually but need to be earned. Brand equity is the result of consumer satisfaction and the perception they create within their mind. It basically depicts the mindset of consumers on what are their views in the context of product and do they need it further in the future with more amendments. The positioning of the product is termed as the brand equity. The brand equity involves brand loyalty, brand awareness and brand association. In the context of the launch strategy the brand equity gets created from the time of launch itself that is to say that initial impression gives the view that product will be successful or not. As it is stated the first impression is the last impression thus launch a program of Apple promote all its features that have been added to the product and raising the urge of people to buy it on early notice. The theme, management and operations of launch program reflect the image of the co mpany and its product thereby creating the brand awareness. Also along with launch the promises are also been made by the company that are scrutinized and tested at the launch venue and thus the brand loyalty is attained building the trust among the employees resulting in healthy connection. The brand equity is also base on the choice of market and the target audience. At the time of launch the target market of launch as discussed earlier are served in a genuine manner so that better brand equity is made. The feedback of launch is collected from consumers and necessary changes or drawbacks are noted down so that the similar mistake is not repeated the next time and better outcomes are experienced. These positive feedbacks and customer loyalty are identified at the time of launch and brand equity gets created (Detlef, 2016). AIDA AIDA is one of the most popular and suitable criteria adopted for the launch and promotion of the product. It is abbreviated as Awareness, Interest, Desire, and Action which must be focussed for a successful launch. Awareness: Awareness depicts the knowledge about the product. This strategy of launch helps in enhancing the customer knowledge and making them aware of the trend and the added features of the product to be launched. It is the pre-preparation from the day of launch so as to develop the customers interest. Interest: Then comes the interest portion, as soon as the awareness is spread people tend to grab more knowledge about the new product launch and this creates the interest. The motive of launch strategy is to develop such an idea or procedure that emerges the customers interest towards the launch. Desire: Desire is the urge to get something, though it is not the necessity. Desire is the symbol of standardization and status of the person. As per the target market and consumer group the desire is released. The launch is made at the place where most of the target market collects in the good amount and the awareness is conveyed to them. At the time of launch the mesmerizing description of the product was intentionally made to enhance the desire to book one quantity of product. Action: Action is the final attempt of the launch procedure where the customer finally get attracted to the product and its characteristics and at last take the step to purchase the product. The action is the signal that launch was successfully made and the strategies adopted are successful. The aim of Company is to attain the customer satisfaction and keeping this in view every action undertaken is positive and likely to gain success. Conclusion Therefore, it could be concluded that iPhone 8 launch was the most awaited product carrying a lot more uniqueness within it. The Apple Company has an enormous product line and it has successfully maintained the luxury image and always stays ahead of its competitors and proves to be the trendsetter and continues for the long term. In the particular report, the basic discussion of the company has been made along with the discussions over the specification of iPhone 8. The strategy for the launch along with the purpose of the launch has been described in the brief. The market of iPhone 8 has been targeted which involves the media house, critics, social media, colleges and universities and business class people. The segmentation of the market has been done. Thereafter the unmet needs of the product launch have been described which involves the launch of two ultimate products simultaneously, the lacking features of the product, not seeking the expert advice and inappropriate analysis and evaluation of the product. Thereafter the marketing mix analysis is undertaken where the 4Ps of the marketing are elucidated in context of launching strategies of iPhone 8. Band equity has been explained and connection has been drawn between brand awareness, loyalty, association and launching strategies of product. How the product launch strategies influence the brand equity and positioning. Lastly, AIDA process is quoted that explains each attribute briefly abbreviating it as awareness, interest, desire and action. This is the chain that process when one step gets accomplished. Concerning about the launch strategies the AIDA model need to be adopted so that wise steps could inculcate and smooth functioning carries on. References AL-HAITHAMI, W.A., (2017). Marketing Mix and Its Impacts on Customers Decision on Apple Products (KSA).International Sciences of Management Journal,2(2). Apple, (2017), An iPhone formed from glass. Available at: Apple, (2017), Apple Find Locations, 2017. Available at: https://locate.apple.com/country (Accessed: 13/11/17). Apple, (2017), Apple in case study, 2017, Apple INC.s target market. Available at: https://appleinccasestudy.weebly.com/apples-target-market.html (Accessed: 13/11/17). Apple,(2017),Apple_Environmental_Responsibility_Report_2017.Available at:https://images.apple.com/sg/environment/pdf/Apple_Environmental_Responsibility_Report_2017.pdf (Accessed: 13/11/17). Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., (2015),Marketing: an introduction, Pearson Education. Asay. M., (2010), Apple doesnt target market. It's targets people. Available at: https://gigaom.com/2010/08/26/apple-doesnt-target-markets-it-targets-people (Accessed: 14/11/17). Bajarin. T., (2017), Learning this 1 thing helped me understand Apples strategy. Available at: https://time.com/4723389/apple-strategy-iphone-ipad-apple-tv/ (Accessed: 16/11/17). Bary. E., (2017), iPhone 8 Delays? Why investors need not worry. Available at: https://www.barrons.com/articles/iphone-8-delays-why-investors-need-not-worry-1492711358 (Accessed: 14/11/17). Bashi, I.Y.D., (2017). Wireless Mobile Phones ChargingA Comprehensive Study.International Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications,7(2), pp.31-37. Bergen. M., (2014), A history of Apples product launch marketing. Available at: https://www.adageindia.in/media/a-history-of-apples-product-launch-marketing/articleshow/45703669.cms (Accessed: 17/11/17). Bhasin. H.(2016). Apple Iphone marketing mix, viewed on 24th October 2017, https://www.marketing91.com/iphone-marketing-mix/. Brandon, (2015), 18 Key apple target market demographics, Available at: https://brandongaille.com/18-apple-target-market-demographics/ (Accessed on 17/11/17). Chanaron, J.J., (2013). Innovative lifestyle: towards the life of future-an exploratory essay.Megatrend revija,10(1), pp.63-82. Cleverism, (2014), Understanding the marketing mix concept-4Ps, Available at: https://www.cleverism.com/understanding-marketing-mix-concept-4ps/ (Accessed: 20/11/17). Constantinides, E., (2006). The marketing mix revisited: towards the 21st century marketing.Journal of marketing management,22(3-4), pp.407-438. Constantinides, E., (2006). The marketing mix revisited: towards the 21st-century marketing.Journal of marketing management,22(3-4), pp.407-438. Datta, H., Ailawadi, K.L. and van Heerde, H.J., (2017). How Well Does Consumer-Based Brand Equity Align with Sales-Based Brand Equity and Marketing-Mix Response?Journal of Marketing,81(3), pp.1-20. Fortune, (2017). Apple Might Have an iPhone 8 Sales problem. Available at: https://fortune.com/2017/09/25/apple-iphone-8-sales-data/ (Accessed: 17/11/17). Greenspan. R., (2017), Apple Inc.s marketing mix (4Ps) Available at: https://panmore.com/apple-inc-marketing-mix-4ps (Accessed: 21/11/17). Hangen. N., (2017), 7 key strategies that you must learn from Apples marketing. Available at: https://blog.kissmetrics.com/7-strategies-apple-marketing/ (Accessed: 21/11/17). Hansson, I. and Mattsson, L., (2017). Product placement: A study of audience perception on brand recognition and congruence. Henry, C., Henry, C. (2017). Leadership and strategy in the news.Strategy Leadership,vol.45. No.2. 46-50. Henry, (2017), iPhone 8 rumors: advantages and disadvantages. Available at: https://iphone7userguide.com/iphone-8-rumors-advantages-disadvantages (Accessed: 21/11/17). Hisrich, R.D., and Ramadani, V., (2017). Entrepreneurial Marketing Mix. InEffective Entrepreneurial Management(pp. 75-99). Springer International Publishing. https://group5iimc-appleiphoneclassreport.blogspot.in (Accessed: 19/11/17). https://www.apple.com/sg/iphone-8/ (Accessed : 13/11/17). Jones, P., Comfort, D., Clarke-Hill, C. and Hillier, D., (2010). Retail experience stores: experiencing the brand at first hand.Marketing Intelligence Planning,28(3), pp.241-248. Kalyanam, K. and McIntyre, S., (2002). The e-marketing mix: a contribution of the e-tailing wars.Journal of the academy of marketing science,30(4), pp.487-499. Kucuk, S.U., (2017). Marketing and Marketing Mix. InVisualizing Marketing(pp. 3-7). Springer International Publishing. McCormack. F., (2013), Apples iPhone marketing strategy exposed. Available at: https://www.business2community.com/marketing/apples-iphone-marketing-strategy-exposed-0661613#pvZLjsSr768zsCFA.97 (Accessed: 21/11/17). Mickalowski. K., Mickelson. M., Keltgen. J., no date, Apples iPhone launch: a case study in effective marketing. Available at: https://www.augie.edu/sites/default/files/u57/pdf/jaciel_subdocs/iPhone.pdf (Accessed: 21/11/17). Miller. C., (2017), New report offers more detail on Apples work Cochlear to improve accessibility. Available at: https://9to5mac.com/2017/08/03/aapl-strategy-premium-mid-market-opinion/ (Accessed: 16/11/17). Okonkwo, U., (2016).Luxury fashion branding: trends, tactics, techniques. Springer. Patel. N., (2017), iPhone 8 and 8 plus review: the default option. Available at: https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/19/16323570/apple-new-iphone-8-review-plus-2017 (Accessed: 17/11/17). Patil, D.D. and Bach, C., (2017). Marketing-Mix For Strategy Building.Marketing,4(4). Pratap. A., Apple marketing mix: 4 Ps. Available at: https://www.cheshnotes.com/2017/02/apple-marketing-mix-4ps/ (Accessed: 18/11/17). Ranjan. M., (2017), Apple iPhone 8 pros and cons- iPhone 8 reviews. Available at: https://galaxys9news.com/apple-iphone-8-pros-cons-iphone-8-reviews/ (Accessed: 19/11/17). Richardson. A., (2008), Apple Computer, Inc. Available at: https://www.loc.gov/rr/business/businesshistory/April/apple.html (Accessed: 18/11/17). Rosoff. M., (2016), Apple needs a hit. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/Apple-needs-a-hit/articleshow/50736159.cms (Accessed: 20/11/17). Sarigumba. R., (2017), News on iPhone 8 release date Singapore. Available at: https://iprice.sg/compare/apple-iphone-8/ (Accessed: 19/11/17). Satyavathy, G., Priya, P.S. and Chanthini, S., (2017). Mobile Application Development.Automation and Autonomous System,9(1), pp.6-10. Schneider. J. (2015). 10 tactics for launching a product using social media. Viewed on 24th October 2017. https://hbr.org/2015/04/10-tactics-for-launching-a-product-using-social-media. Schuh, C., Raudabaugh, J. L., Kromoser, R., Strohmer, M. F., Triplat, A., Pearce, J. (2017). A CEO who thinks like a CPO who thinks like a CEO. InThe Purchasing Chessboard(pp. 1-7). Springer New York. Sepahi, A., Mesri, J., Rahmani, S. (2017). Improving strategic management with an alternative leader to replace the manager. Sigal. M., (2010), Apples segmentation strategy, and the folly of conventional wisdom. Available at: https://radar.oreilly.com/2010/09/apple-segmentation-strategy-an.html (Accessed: 20/11/17). Singh, S., Sao, A., Nagare, T.B. and Dharmarajan, A., (2017). Role of Social Media Marketing In Brand Building: The New Age Marketing Strategy.International Journal of Scientific Research, 5 (9). Soffar. H., (2017), Apple iPhone 8 plus review, adva0ntages, disadvantages, and specifications. Available at: https://www.online-sciences.com/mobile/apple-iphone-8-plus-review-advantages-disadvantages-and-specifications/ (Accessed: 21/11/17). Steenkamp, J.B., (2017). Global Marketing Mix Decisions: Global Integration, Not Standardization. InGlobal Brand Strategy(pp. 75-109). Palgrave Macmillan UK. The Australian. (2017). Why critics of Apple are correct. Viewed on 24th October 2017. https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/technology/why-critics-of-apple-